13. Items of the Scale (Questionnaire)
1. I feel an uncontrollable urge to use AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Claude, Copilot) as soon as I start working on my research.
2. I find it difficult to stop using AI tools once I begin generating research ideas or text.
3. I spend more time interacting with AI tools for research purposes than I originally planned.
4. I feel anxious or uneasy when I have to write or analyze data without the assistance of AI.
5. I rely heavily on AI to formulate my initial research questions and conceptual frameworks.
6. I trust AI-generated summaries and literature reviews more than my own critical reading.
7. My ability to synthesize academic literature independently has declined because of my frequent AI use.
8. I feel less confident in writing academic manuscripts without AI assistance.
9. I use AI to draft substantial portions of my papers without conducting deep independent revisions.
10. My direct critical thinking and problem-solving engagement in research have decreased due to AI reliance.
11. I feel restless, irritable, or frustrated when AI tools are temporarily offline or inaccessible.
12. When facing a complex academic problem, my immediate reflex is to prompt an AI rather than think through it myself.
13. I find myself using AI tools late into the night or during personal time specifically for academic tasks.
14. My reliance on AI has caused conflicts with co-authors, supervisors, or institutional guidelines regarding academic integrity.
15. I need to use increasingly sophisticated AI tools or prompts to achieve the same feeling of research productivity.
16. I have attempted to reduce my daily usage of AI in my research workflow but failed.
17. I conceal or downplay the extent to which I rely on AI tools from my academic peers or supervisors.
18. The quality of my independent intellectual contribution has been compromised by overdependence on automated outputs.
19. I feel cognitively exhausted or unmotivated when tasked with academic work without AI support.
20. I use AI to complete routine research tasks even when doing so manually would foster better learning.
21. I feel a persistent preoccupation with thinking about how to integrate AI tools into every phase of my research.
22. Overreliance on AI has diminished my satisfaction in independently solving rigorous scientific problems.